Writing: Cómo escribir el texto del examen (100-120 palabras)

Writing: Composición del examen

La composición es el PASO 5 del examen de inglés. Vale 3 puntos de 10.

Formato del examen

Se ofrecen 2 temas. Elige UNO:

1. Tema A: Describir un tema general (ej: "Advantages and disadvantages of modern technology")
2. Tema B: Tu opinión (ej: "Technological development is not always positive. Do you agree? Give reasons.")

Requisitos:

• 100-120 palabras (obligatorio)
• Párrafos bien organizados
• Corrección gramatical y ortográfica
• Responde al tema elegido
• Sin copia del texto original

Estructura recomendada (3 párrafos)

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PÁRRAFO 1: INTRODUCCIÓN

Función: Presentar el tema y tu posición de forma clara.

Estructura:

• Oración tema (qué vamos a discutir)
• Tu opinión o posición

Ejemplo 1 (tema descritibot):

"Technology is everywhere in our modern world. It brings both advantages and disadvantages to our daily lives."
(27 palabras)

Ejemplo 2 (tema opinión):

"Technological development has many benefits, but I agree that it is not always positive. Progress has negative consequences we must consider."
(24 palabras)

Palabras útiles para la introducción:

| Significado | Palabra |
|---|---|
| Desde mi punto de vista | In my opinion / In my view |
| Creo que | I believe / I think |
| El tema de... | The topic of / The issue of |
| Hay dos lados | There are two sides |
| Por un lado | On one hand |
| Es importante | It is important |

PÁRRAFO 2: CUERPO (principales argumentos)

Función: Explicar 2-3 argumentos principales. Cada argumento = 20-25 palabras.

Estructura de argumento:

1. Idea principal (1-2 frases)
2. Ejemplo o explicación (1-2 frases)

Ejemplo con 2 argumentos:

Argumento 1: "First, technology improves communication. We can talk to friends and family anywhere in the world instantly. This saves time and money."
(25 palabras)

Argumento 2: "However, technology has drawbacks. It causes addiction and reduces face-to-face interaction. People spend hours on their phones instead of meeting others."
(24 palabras)

Conectores para el cuerpo (MUY IMPORTANTE):

| Conector | Significado | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| First / Firstly | Primero | First, technology is very useful. |
| Second / Secondly | Segundo | Secondly, it has problems. |
| Furthermore / Moreover | Además | Moreover, it costs a lot. |
| However / But | Sin embargo / Pero | However, it causes addiction. |
| On the other hand | Por otro lado | On the other hand, it's dangerous. |
| For example / For instance | Por ejemplo | For example, smartphones are everywhere. |
| Because | Porque | It's popular because it's useful. |
| Therefore / So | Por lo tanto | Therefore, we should use it wisely. |
| In conclusion / Finally | En conclusión / Finalmente | Finally, we must be careful. |

PÁRRAFO 3: CONCLUSIÓN

Función: Resumir tu argumento y dejar una reflexión final.

Estructura:

• Resumen breve (¿cuál era tu idea principal?)
• Reflexión o recomendación final

Ejemplo:

"In conclusion, technology has both positive and negative effects. We should learn to use it responsibly to enjoy its benefits while avoiding its dangers."
(28 palabras)

Formas de empezar la conclusión:

| Frase | Ejemplo |
|---|---|
| In conclusion | In conclusion, technology is essential. |
| In summary | In summary, we need balance. |
| To conclude | To conclude, education is important. |
| Finally | Finally, we must protect the environment. |
| Overall | Overall, both options are valid. |
| To sum up | To sum up, practice is the key. |

Conteo de palabras

Regla estricta: 100-120 palabras. Ni una menos, ni una más.

Cómo contar:

• Cada palabra = 1 palabra (incluye artículos: a, the, etc.)
• Números: "25" = 1 palabra
• Palabras compuestas: "face-to-face" = 1 palabra
• Contracciones: "don't" = 1 palabra

Herramienta: Usa un contador online (Google: "word counter online") en la práctica.

Errores típicos que PIERDEN PUNTOS

| Error | Incorrecto | Correcto | Penalización |
|---|---|---|---|
| Menos de 100 palabras | 95 palabras | 100+ palabras | -0.5 puntos |
| Más de 120 palabras | 125 palabras | 100-120 palabras | -0.5 puntos |
| Falta de párrafos | Un bloque continuo | 3 párrafos claros | -0.5 puntos |
| Sin conectores | "Technology is good. It helps. It is cheap." | "Technology is good. First, it helps. Secondly, it is cheap." | -0.5 puntos |
| Tiempos verbales inconsistentes | "I go to school. I went tomorrow." | "I go to school. I will go tomorrow." | -0.5 a -1 punto |
| Faltas de ortografía | "tecnology", "whith" | "technology", "with" | -0.25 a -0.5 por falta |
| Copia directa del texto | (copiar frases del reading) | Tus propias palabras | -1 a -2 puntos |
| No responde al tema | (hablas de otro tema) | Responde exactamente al tema | -1 a -3 puntos |

Vocabulario esencial para composiciones

Vocabulario que SIEMPRE aparece:

| Inglés | Español | Contexto |
|---|---|---|
| advantage | ventaja | "An advantage of technology is..." |
| disadvantage | desventaja | "A disadvantage is..." |
| benefit | beneficio | "The benefits of exercise are..." |
| drawback | inconveniente | "The drawback is the cost." |
| problem | problema | "Another problem is..." |
| solution | solución | "A solution would be..." |
| improve | mejorar | "Technology improves our lives." |
| affect | afectar | "Pollution affects health." |
| impact | impacto | "Climate change has a big impact." |
| important | importante | "Education is important." |
| essential | esencial | "Water is essential." |
| necessary | necesario | "Rest is necessary." |
| helpful | útil / helpeful | "This advice is helpful." |
| harmful | perjudicial | "Smoking is harmful." |
| increase | aumentar | "Prices increase every year." |
| decrease | disminuir | "Unemployment decreased." |
| involve | implicar | "This involves many people." |
| provide | proporcionar | "Schools provide education." |
| require | requerir | "This job requires experience." |
| encourage | animar | "Parents encourage their children." |
| prevent | prevenir | "Exercise prevents disease." |
| promote | promover | "Education promotes development." |

Checklist ANTES de entregar

• [ ] ¿Tengo exactamente 100-120 palabras?
• [ ] ¿Tengo 3 párrafos claros (introducción, cuerpo, conclusión)?
• [ ] ¿He usado al menos 3 conectores?
• [ ] ¿Todos los tiempos verbales son correctos?
• [ ] ¿He respondido al tema exactamente?
• [ ] ¿He revisado la ortografía?
• [ ] ¿No he copiado del texto original?
• [ ] ¿Tiene sentido y fluidez cuando lo leo en voz alta?

Modelos de composición

MODELO 1: Ventajas y desventajas

Tema: Advantages and disadvantages of social media.

"Social media is very popular nowadays. It has both advantages and disadvantages in modern society.

First, social media connects people. We can communicate with friends and family instantly. It is free and easy to use. Furthermore, it provides entertainment and information quickly. However, social media has serious problems. It causes addiction, especially among young people. Additionally, cyberbullying is a real danger. Users can lose privacy and spend too much time online.

In conclusion, social media is a powerful tool. We should use it responsibly and be aware of its risks."

(119 palabras — perfecto)

MODELO 2: Opinión personal

Tema: "Distance learning is better than classroom learning." Do you agree?

"Distance learning has become popular recently. However, I believe traditional classroom learning is more effective for most students.

First, classrooms provide face-to-face interaction. Teachers can observe students and give immediate feedback. Students can ask questions directly. This personal contact improves learning. Second, classroom environments reduce distractions. At home, students face temptations like social media. Furthermore, schools offer social opportunities that build friendships and teamwork skills.

In summary, while distance learning is convenient, classroom education remains superior. Both can combine, but physical attendance is essential for optimal learning."

(118 palabras — perfecto)

Práctica guiada

Ejercicio: Escribe una composición sobre este tema:

"Technology in the workplace is beneficial. Do you agree?"

Pasos:

1. Escribe la introducción (decide tu posición)
2. Genera 2 argumentos (30 segundos por argumento)
3. Escribe la conclusión
4. Cuenta palabras
5. Revisa ortografía y tiempos verbales

Tiempo límite: 20 minutos