Reported Speech (Estilo indirecto): He said that...

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto / Discurso Reportado)

El Reported Speech es contar lo que alguien dijo, pero en tus propias palabras y con cambios gramaticales.

Diferencia: Direct vs Reported

| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| "I love pizza," she said. (palabras exactas) | She said she loved pizza. (tus palabras) |
| "Where are you?" he asked. | He asked where I was. |
| "I have finished," she said. | She said she had finished. |

Cambios principales en Reported Speech

1. Cambio de tiempos verbales

Cuando el verbo "introductor" (said, asked, told) está en pasado, los tiempos en el reported speech retroceden un paso:

| Direct Speech (en presente) | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| "I work here." | She said she worked there. |
| "She is happy." | He said she was happy. |
| "They have arrived." | He said they had arrived. |
| "I will come." | She said she would come. |
| "I can help." | He said he could help. |

Tabla de cambios de tiempos:

| Direct (Original) | Reported (Reportado) |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Will | Would |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |

Ejemplos completos:

• "I am tired," she said. → She said she was tired.
• "They have seen the movie," he said. → He said they had seen the movie.
• "I will help you," she said. → She said she would help me.

2. Cambio de pronombres

| Direct | Reported | Razón |
|---|---|---|
| I | she/he | la persona que habla |
| you | me/him/her | la persona escuchada |
| we | they | cambio de perspectiva |
| my | her/his | posesivo del sujeto |
| our | their | |

Ejemplos:

• "I love my job," he said. → He said he loved his job. (I → he, my → his)
• "You look beautiful," she told me. → She told me I looked beautiful. (you → I, porque hablaba de mí)

3. Cambio de expresiones de tiempo y lugar

| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before |
| now | then / at that time |
| here | there |
| this | that |

Ejemplos:

• "I will see you tomorrow," she said. → She said she would see me the next day.
• "I am busy today," he said. → He said he was busy that day.

Reported Questions (Preguntas reportadas)

Cuando reportas una pregunta, la estructura cambia:

YES/NO QUESTIONS:

| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| "Do you like coffee?" she asked. | She asked if/whether I liked coffee. |
| "Have you finished?" he asked. | He asked if I had finished. |
| "Will you come?" she asked. | She asked if I would come. |

💡 Clave: Usa IF o WHETHER para yes/no questions.

WH-QUESTIONS (interrogativas abiertas):

| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| "Where do you live?" he asked. | He asked where I lived. |
| "What time is it?" she asked. | She asked what time it was. |
| "Who is she?" he asked. | He asked who she was. |
| "How old are you?" she asked. | She asked how old I was. |

💡 Clave: Mantén la palabra interrogativa (where, what, how) pero invierte el orden sujeto-verbo.

Reported Orders y Requests

Orders (órdenes):

| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| "Close the door!" he said. | He told me to close the door. |
| "Be quiet!" the teacher said. | The teacher told us to be quiet. |
| "Don't be late!" she said. | She told him not to be late. |

Requests (peticiones):

| Direct | Reported |
|---|---|
| "Could you help me?" she asked. | She asked if I could help her. |
| "Can you lend me money?" he asked. | He asked if I could lend him money. |

Verbos introductores comunes

| Verbo | Uso | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| say | afirmaciones | He said he was tired. |
| tell | con objeto indirecto | She told me she loved me. |
| ask | preguntas | He asked if I was OK. |
| explain | explicaciones | She explained that... |
| promise | promesas | He promised he would help. |
| suggest | sugerencias | She suggested that we go. |
| warn | advertencias | He warned me not to go. |

Errores típicos del examen

❌ Incorrecto → ✅ Correcto

• She said she is happy. → She said she was happy.
• He asked if I will come. → He asked if I would come.
• "I love you," she said. → She said she loved him. (pronombre cambió)
• He told me to not be late. → He told me not to be late.
• She asked where do you live. → She asked where I lived. (sin inversión en reported)

Practica

1. Convierte a Reported Speech: "I am very happy," she said.
   Respuesta: She said she was very happy.

2. Convierte a Reported Speech: "Where do you work?" he asked.
   Respuesta: He asked where I worked.

3. Convierte a Reported Speech: "Close the door!" the teacher said.
   Respuesta: The teacher told us to close the door. (o The teacher said to close the door.)

4. Elige la opción correcta:

   • He said he will come / would come tomorrow.
     Respuesta: would come (porque "tomorrow" en reported = "the next day")